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India Urban Solid Waste System — Solid Waste Canvas

National Ecosystem Intelligence · Systems Mapping · Unit Economics · Pan-India Actor Landscape

India generates 1,66,096 TPD of urban municipal solid waste (MoHUA, 2025). The official ~80% "processed" figure is installed capacity, not treatment: measured treatment is closer to half, and real material recovery lower still.

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Key Performance Indicators

Volumes in TPD (daily avg) · % are operational rates · Baseline: MoHUA 2025 · PIB Jan 2026 · SS 2024-25

Pan-India Waste Infrastructure Map · Esri basemap · CC BY-SA

High-stress city (>5K TPD)

Medium city (1.5K–5K TPD)

Smaller city (<1.5K TPD)

Data Visualisations

Waste Stream Disposition

Ward Coverage

City MSW Generation (TPD)

Capital Mix in Waste Sector

Bottleneck Severity Index

Processing Technology Mix

System Flows & Circularity

Width = volume (TPD). Select a city above to see city-level material flows.

Economics, Gaps & Analysis

Cost and revenue per tonne across the waste value chain. Switch geography above for city-level estimates.

Full value-chain economics (10 blocks)

Block	Cost (₹/tonne)	Revenue (₹/tonne)	Net	Recovery %

Ecosystem & Stakeholders

Organisation	Block	Type	Geography	Focus

Hidden Dynamics — What the Numbers Don't Show

Structural realities that shape the system but rarely surface in official reporting. Tap a card to read it.

◆ Spotlight — The Largest Unresolved Problem

Wet Waste: India's Biggest Fraction Has No Working Solution

50-55% of MSW is organic/wet waste: the heaviest, fastest-rotting, most contaminating fraction, and the one with the least functional end-to-end chain.

~87K

TPD wet waste
with no viable outlet

What's Failing

Composting runs at ~30-35% of its 1,14,000 TPD capacity
Source segregation happens at scale in fewer than 10 cities
SATAT: 132 of a 5,000-plant target commissioned

Why Offtake is Broken

Compost subsidy withdrawn; city compost loses to chemical fertiliser
Mixed-waste compost is contaminated and rejected by buyers
No spot market or price discovery, so processors can't plan

The Unlocked Potential

~87,000 TPD wet waste could run 400+ CBG plants or 5,000+ composting units
Could replace 3-4 MT of chemical fertiliser a year
Segregating wet waste also cleans up the dry recyclable streams

Why it matters: Wet waste is the upstream failure that contaminates every other stream. Fixing its segregation and offtake is the single highest-leverage move, yet it gets less attention than WtE or EPR.